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6 Fundamental Consumer Rights

Right to Safety

Protection against goods/services that are hazardous to life and health.

Right to be Informed

Right to know quality, quantity, potency, purity, price, and standard of goods/services.

Right to Choose

Assurance of access to variety of goods/services at competitive prices.

Right to be Heard

Consumer interests will receive due consideration at appropriate forums.

Right to Seek Redressal

Right to seek compensation against unfair trade practices or exploitation.

Right to Consumer Education

Right to acquire knowledge and skills to be an informed consumer.

Key Provisions of Consumer Protection Act 2019

Increased pecuniary jurisdiction limits Product liability provisions (Section 84-87) Unfair contracts defined (Section 2(46)) E-filing and mediation (Section 74-78) Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) Penalty for misleading ads (up to ₹50 lakhs)

Penalties for Violations

ViolationPenalty
Misleading AdvertisementUp to ₹10 lakhs (first offense), Up to ₹50 lakhs (subsequent)
Unfair Trade PracticeCompensation to consumer + punitive damages
Deficiency in ServiceRefund + compensation (up to product/service value)
Defective ProductReplacement or refund + compensation
Non-compliance of Consumer Court OrderImprisonment (1 month to 3 years) + fine (₹2,000 to ₹10,000)

Product Liability (Section 84-87, CPA 2019)

Product liability means a manufacturer/service provider/product seller is liable to compensate for harm caused by defective product or deficient service.

Who can be sued: Product manufacturer, product seller, or service provider.
Grounds for liability: Manufacturing defect, design defect, deviation from specifications, inadequate instructions/warnings, or non-conformity with express warranty.
Defenses available: Compliance with government standards, unforeseen risks, or negligence of consumer.

Unfair Contracts (New under CPA 2019)

A contract is considered "unfair" if it imposes unreasonable obligations on the consumer. Examples include:

Excessive security deposits Unilateral termination rights Unreasonable liability exemption Penalty clauses for breach by consumer

Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA)

CCPA is a new regulatory body established under CPA 2019 with powers to:

Legal Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only. Consumer laws are subject to amendments. Always consult a qualified lawyer for case-specific advice.